Egyptian tanks again
I just relocated two refs I previously quoted only from memory: The Six Day War and Elusive Victory. Based on accounts of tank actions, I can now better estimate the number of Egyptian vehicles that opened fire in '67. It seems at least 300 of Cairo's tanks, possibly up to 400 or so, used their main guns:
- 7th Infantry sector, northern area/Rafah/Khan Yunis. 70-100 Egyptian tanks were present. (Dupuy's Elusive Victory, which says 70, was written later and may be more accurate than The Six Day War.) The Israelis are said to have first surprised and destroyed a force of 20 Stalin tanks, then did the same to 20 T-34s. They later engaged 20 tanks in El Arish, 10 of which were hit and the rest forced to flee. In view of wiki accounts of JS tanks fighting etc, I think it's reasonable to conclude that about 30 Egyptian tanks fired in these battles.
- Bir Lafhan. Two Egyptian brigades, one armored, attempted to stop the IDF advance. In the ensuing fight, the Egyptians lost 28 tanks, the IDF about half as many. If a whole brigade of tanks fought there, plus perhaps a few tanks from the mechanized unit, it appears that the total number of tanks with guns blazing was 100.
- Abu Agheila. "After losing 40 tanks, or nearly half of its strength" an Egyptian brigade pulled back. In addition, there was brief resistance from a company of T-34s (10 tanks?) in a frontier position, and possibly other local actions involving tanks. Again, about 100 of Nasser's tanks appear to have fired. (In addition, some apparently did so repeatedly in a night action.)
- Bir Gifgafa. An Egyptian force of 50-60 T-54/55s attacked IDF AMX tanks, forcing them back 1 km and blowing up some vehicles. An IDF counterattack destroyed 10 of the Egyptian tanks and compelled the rest to retreat. But 50 tanks continued to oppose the IDF advance to the canal near Ismailia. Interestingly, several Israeli Centurions got three or four direct hits. Moreover, the Egyptians, using new tactics, continued to knock out tanks until Israeli armor overcame them.
- There were various other actions involving tanks, such as the T-55s which ambushed IDF armor.
It looks like about 300 of Nasser's tanks fired, and some of them did so more than once, even several times. Still, the Soviet claim may have merit after all. Three hundred tanks, even 400, represents a small minority of Cairo's armored force in Sinai (900). A majority of Egypt's tanks apparently didn't shoot at all. This may not necessarily reflect poorly on the crews, however. At least twice, at Nakhl, and near Gifgafa, Israeli armor attacked under very favorable circumstances, either from ambush positions or from the rear. After getting mixed up with Israeli armor, a retreating Egyptian tank battalion was wiped out when the enemy left the road and attacked. Generally, Egyptian officers were to blame, and Soviet technology (Israel's 105mm tank guns outranged Russian tank guns). Naturally the Soviets blamed the Egyptians. Nasser's officers were often at fault, for abandoning their tanks or men, and being outmaneuvered in battle. Still, the Soviets clearly went too far by claiming the war would've been won with just 900 tank rounds. The Egyptians may have shot close to that number or even equalled it, with dismal results.
2 Comments:
Poor leadership by Egyptian officers must have been one of the factors, though not the only one. The Soviet-made tanks were good, though not invincible. A similar thing could be said about the aerial part of the war. The Mig was a decent fighter plane, but it was not perfect. Israeli pilots outperformed their Egyptian opponents quite well.
Pollack blamed Egypt's defeat on poor officer quality, on both the tactical and strategic level. (see ARABS AT WAR).
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